Literary works produced in Tamil language describe a considerable
number of Tamil kings as belonging to Malla community. Some of the such
references are presented below:
Tamil literature glorifies the Tamil Mallar Kings by stating that the Tamil Trio, namely, Chera, Chola, and Pandiya Mallar kings undertook dikvijaya towards north, came upto the Himalayas, won the kings ruling those regions and started to reign those countries by hoisting their flags which bore the emblems of arrow, tiger and fish respectively. At least in a few countries, these Mallar kings left their mallar representatives there itself and authorised them to rule the countries.
Literary works mention that Somasundara Mallar, the king of Pandiya country went to the Himaalaayas and won Kailash.
Literary evidences and travelogues of foreign visitors claim that Thadadakaippiraatti Pandiya Malli Meenakshi went upto Kailash after winning the kings who ruled those countries and got married at Kailash.
Another literary work by name Patirruppattu states that the Pandiya King Mallar Imayavaramban Nedumcheralathan went upto the Himalayas and defeated several northern kings.
Silappatikaram mentions that Cheran Cenkuttuvan, the Mallar king of Chera country, went towards the north, won the kings there and brought stones on the heads of Kanaga Vijayas whom he defeated and with those stones he erected a temple for Kannagi. Kalingattupparani states that the Chola kings marched upto Kalingam.
A Chola mallar king who went upto the river Ganges defeating all the kings en route got his name changed as Gangai Konda Cholan.
Mallars in North Indian Literature and History
Literary works in Tamil language mention that the Tamil Mallar kings fed the Kauravas and Pandavas during the battle between these two groups.
Vyasa’s Mahabharata mentions that when Drutarashtra performed rajasuya yaga, Chera, Chola and Pandiya mallars was present at the site where the yaga were performed.
Such north Indian literary works as Ramayana of Valmiki, Maha Bharata of Vyasa, Hari Vamsa, Bruhatsamhita, Lalitavishwatara and so on produced in Sanskrit language speak about the countries ruled by the kings of Mallar heredity, malla bhumi and mallar rashtra.
Archaeological Survey of India, in its publication volume number III, page number 203, speaks about the “malla age” of such malla kings as yudda malla, jagadeega malla, tirailooka malla, aarva
malla, and tirubhuvana malla.
G. Oppert, in his book entitled. Dravidians : The original Inhabitants of India published during 1888 mentions that Buddha wanted to spend his old age life in a country called Kusingaara, ruled by the Mallar kings; and also he made Subathra Mallar to occupy an important position. History states that when Alexander the great invaded the Indian plains, it was ruled by the mallar kings.
Mallar Rule in West Bengal
The television programme, televised by the University Grants Commission of India, on 11.11.1992 has mentioned that the kings of Malla dynasty ruled the country called Mallanpur or Bishanpur located in the plains of the river Ganges, during 7 – 18 centuries A. D. for about 56 generations continuously. In this programme many historical evidences were quoted to prove this statement. It further stated that even before the 7th century there were Mallar kings, but a complete history of their dynasty was not available.
Mallars in other parts
The schedule of castes issued by the Government of India mentions that there is a community by name Mallar in Uttarpradesh. During Sangam age, the present day Karnataka was ruled by Mallar Kings and the Chalukya Kings of Andhra also belong to the Mallar dynasty only (Refer Devaashirwatham’s work, 1992). The foregoing discussion makes it clear that the historians other than those from Tamilnadu have recorded in their history books that a dynasty by name mallar has ruled many countries quoting evidences extensively.
- Cholan Neytalankaanal Ilanceet Cenni (Cholan Uruvappahreer Ilanceet Cenni) :
Puranaanuru poem number 10 describes him as a king of Mallar community. His son’s name is Karikaar Cholan. The following Sangam Age poems also describe him eleborately:
Puranaanuuru poems 203, 266, 370 and 378
Akanaanuuru 375
Porunaraarruppatai poems 129 and 132
- Pandiyan Talaiyaalankaanattuc Ceruvenra Nedunceliyan
Poem numbers 77, 78 and 79 of Puranaanuuru and poem number of 36 Akanaanuuru refer to him as a Mallan. His father is Pandiyan palyaaga saalai mutukutumip peruvaluti and wife is Koopperunteevi.
- Imayavaramban Nedumceeralaatan
He has been described as a Malla king in the poem number 13 of Patirruppattu. His father is Utiyanceeralaatan, mother Veliyan Venmaal Nallini, wives Veelaavik Koomaan Paduman Devi and Cholan Manakkilli, Younger brother Palyaanaic Celkelukuttuvan and his children are Kalankaaykkanninaarmuticceeral, Aatukootpaattuc Ceeralaatan, Ceeran Cenkuttuvan and Ilangovatikal. Poem numbers 62, 63 and 368 of Puranaanuuru; 127, 347 and 396 of Akanaanuuru; 3, 4, 5 and 6th patikams and the second section of Patirruppattu and lines 24 – 25 of Silappatikaaram also describe this king as belonging to Mallar community.
- Yaanaikkatceey Maantaranceeral Irumporai
Puranaanuuru poem numbers 77, 78 and 79 and Akanaanuuru poem 36 have honoured him as a member of the Mallar community. His father is Palyaanaic Celkelu Kuttuvan and friends are Cembiyan, Titiyan, Ezhini, Erumaiyuuran, Irunkoovel and Porunan.
- Kalankaaykkanni Naarmuticceera Mallar
Poem number 38 of Patirruppattu describes him as a Mallar. His father is Imayavaramban Nedumceeralaatan, mother Veelaavik Koomaan Patuman Devi and brothers are Cenguttuvan, Aatukootpaattuc Ceeralaatan and Ilangovatikal.
- Cembiyan – Cholan Kulamurrattut Tunjiya Killivalavan
Puranaanuuru verses 77, 78 and 79 and Akanaanuuru verse 36 claim him to be a member of Mallar community. His father is Karikaal Cholan, wife Kiirtti, bothers are Nalankilli, Maavalattaan, sister is Aatimanti and brothers-in-law are Ceeran Cenkuttuvan and Aattanatti.
- Katalpirak koottiya Senguttuvan
Verse number 43 of Patirrupattu portrays him as a Malla king. His father’s name is Imayavaramban Nedumceeralaata Mallar, mother’s name is Cholan Manakkilli Mallattiyaar; brothers are Ilangovatikal, Kalankaaykkanni Naarmutic ceera Mallar, Aatukootpaattuc Ceeralaata Mallar; wife is Maiyuur Kizhan Veenmaan Autuvan cellai Mallattiyar and son is Kuttuvan Ceera Mallar.
- Titiyan
This king has been ascribed as belonging to the Mallar community vide the Puranaanuuru poems number 77, 78 and 79, and Akanaanuuru poem number 36. He is one among the seven Vamba Mallars.
- Selvakkatunkoo Vaaliyaata Mallar
Patirruppattu verse number 63 describes him to be a member of the Mallar community. His parents are Antuvan Ceeral Irumporai Mallar and Poraiyan Perunteevi Mallattiyar. His wife and son are Veelavikkoomaan Patuman Devi Mallattiyar and Takatuurerinta Perunceeral Irumporai Mallar respectively. The seventh section of Patirrupattu and poems 8, 14 and 387 of Puranaanuuru also discuss about him.
- Elini
He is the son of Atiyamaan Nedumaananji. Puranaanuuru poems 77, 78 and 79 point out that he is a king of Mallar community. - Kutakkoo Ilanjeeral Irumporai Mallar
Patirrupattu poems 81 and 90 describe him as a king of Mallar community. His father is Kuttuvan Irumporai, mother Maiyuurkkilaan Veenmaal Attuvancellai, grandfather Maiyuur Amaicciyan Maiyuurkkilaan. Kalankaaykkanni Naarmutic Ceera Mallar is his kin. - Irunkooveel
Puranaanuuru poems 77, 78 and 79 and Akanaanuuru poem 36 describe this king as a member belonging to the Mallar community. - Erumaiyuuran (Erumai Veliyan)
This king has been portrayed as a king belonging to the Mallar community in Puranaanuuru poems 77, 78 and 79 and Akanaanuuru poem 36. - Porunan
The poems cited above, describe Porunan also as a member belonging to the Mallar community. - Cholan Porvai Koopperunar Killi
Puranaanuuru poems 80, 81 and 82 discuss this king as a member belonging to the Mallar community. His opponent is Mukkaaval Naattu Aamuur Mallan. - Mukkaaval Naattu Mallan Tittan
He is the king of the kingdom known as Urantai and his daughter’s name is mentioned as Aiyai. Puranaanuuru poem 80 describes him as a member of the Pallar community.
- Koopperuncholan Vadakkiruntaan
He is known by other names Cholan Perunkilli and Pothiyaanda Peruncholan. Puranaanuuru poem 219 describes him as a king of Mallar community. - Sirukutikkizhan Pannan
Puranaanuuru poems 70, 173 and 388 and Akanaanuuru poems 34 and 177 discuss him as a person belonging to the Mallar community. - Paandiyan Vazhuti
He is a king belonging to the Mallar community according to poem number 338 of Puranaanuuru. - Uunuur Mannan Tazhumpan
Akanaanuuru poem number 227 says that this king belongs to the Mallar community. - Taamaan Toonrikkoo
Puranaanuuru poem number 399 describes his king to be a member of the Mallar community. - Ceeran Aattanatti
His wife is Aatimanthi and father – in – law Karikaar Chozhan. Kuruntokai poem number 31, Akanaanuuru poem numbers 222, 236, 376 and 396 and Silappatikaram poem number 21 discuss this king as a Mallar king. - Takatuur Mannan Atiyamaan.
Takatuur Yaattirai glorifies this king as a member of Mallar community. - Cholan Neeriverpan
Poem numbers 13, 14 and 19 of Tanniirppantal Vaitta Patalam in Tiruvilaiyaatal Puraanam say that this king is a member of the Mallar community. - Pandiyan Rajarajan
Paranjooti Munivar’s Tiruvilaiyaatal Puraanam, poem number 47 in Panrikku Mulai Kotutta Patalam describes this king as a member belonging to the Mallar community. - Uraiyuur Veentan Cenkanaan
Teevaaram composed by Gnanasambandar describes this king as a person belonging to the Mallar community. He is known as Mukkiiccarattatikal also. - First Pallava King Ilantiraiyan
Perumpaanaarruppatai, a Tamil literary work describes him as a Mallar king. In addition to this, Puranaanuuru poem number 95, Akanaanuuru poem number 85 and 340 and Manimeekalai poem number 24 describe him as a person of Mallar community.
Tamil literature glorifies the Tamil Mallar Kings by stating that the Tamil Trio, namely, Chera, Chola, and Pandiya Mallar kings undertook dikvijaya towards north, came upto the Himalayas, won the kings ruling those regions and started to reign those countries by hoisting their flags which bore the emblems of arrow, tiger and fish respectively. At least in a few countries, these Mallar kings left their mallar representatives there itself and authorised them to rule the countries.
Literary works mention that Somasundara Mallar, the king of Pandiya country went to the Himaalaayas and won Kailash.
Literary evidences and travelogues of foreign visitors claim that Thadadakaippiraatti Pandiya Malli Meenakshi went upto Kailash after winning the kings who ruled those countries and got married at Kailash.
Another literary work by name Patirruppattu states that the Pandiya King Mallar Imayavaramban Nedumcheralathan went upto the Himalayas and defeated several northern kings.
Silappatikaram mentions that Cheran Cenkuttuvan, the Mallar king of Chera country, went towards the north, won the kings there and brought stones on the heads of Kanaga Vijayas whom he defeated and with those stones he erected a temple for Kannagi. Kalingattupparani states that the Chola kings marched upto Kalingam.
A Chola mallar king who went upto the river Ganges defeating all the kings en route got his name changed as Gangai Konda Cholan.
Mallars in North Indian Literature and History
Literary works in Tamil language mention that the Tamil Mallar kings fed the Kauravas and Pandavas during the battle between these two groups.
Vyasa’s Mahabharata mentions that when Drutarashtra performed rajasuya yaga, Chera, Chola and Pandiya mallars was present at the site where the yaga were performed.
Such north Indian literary works as Ramayana of Valmiki, Maha Bharata of Vyasa, Hari Vamsa, Bruhatsamhita, Lalitavishwatara and so on produced in Sanskrit language speak about the countries ruled by the kings of Mallar heredity, malla bhumi and mallar rashtra.
Archaeological Survey of India, in its publication volume number III, page number 203, speaks about the “malla age” of such malla kings as yudda malla, jagadeega malla, tirailooka malla, aarva
malla, and tirubhuvana malla.
G. Oppert, in his book entitled. Dravidians : The original Inhabitants of India published during 1888 mentions that Buddha wanted to spend his old age life in a country called Kusingaara, ruled by the Mallar kings; and also he made Subathra Mallar to occupy an important position. History states that when Alexander the great invaded the Indian plains, it was ruled by the mallar kings.
Mallar Rule in West Bengal
The television programme, televised by the University Grants Commission of India, on 11.11.1992 has mentioned that the kings of Malla dynasty ruled the country called Mallanpur or Bishanpur located in the plains of the river Ganges, during 7 – 18 centuries A. D. for about 56 generations continuously. In this programme many historical evidences were quoted to prove this statement. It further stated that even before the 7th century there were Mallar kings, but a complete history of their dynasty was not available.
Mallars in other parts
The schedule of castes issued by the Government of India mentions that there is a community by name Mallar in Uttarpradesh. During Sangam age, the present day Karnataka was ruled by Mallar Kings and the Chalukya Kings of Andhra also belong to the Mallar dynasty only (Refer Devaashirwatham’s work, 1992). The foregoing discussion makes it clear that the historians other than those from Tamilnadu have recorded in their history books that a dynasty by name mallar has ruled many countries quoting evidences extensively.
Tamil Ilakiyathil Pallar (Mallar) Devendra Kula Velalar- Adippadai Sanrugal
By, Dr.Guruswamy Siddhan
